Coastal Upwelling & Plume Dynamics Analyzer

🌊 Upwelling Process

Wind Stress →

Ekman Transport

Cold Water Upwelling ↑

Coastal upwelling occurs when wind-driven Ekman transport moves surface waters offshore, causing deep, cold, nutrient-rich water to rise to the surface.

📊 Key Processes

Wind-driven Ekman transport

Plume formation and intensity

Cold front fluctuations

Relaxation event dynamics

📐 Fundamental Equations

Ekman Transport

M_E = τ / (ρ × f)

Where: M_E = Ekman transport, τ = wind stress, ρ = water density, f = Coriolis parameter

Wind Stress

τ = ρ_air × C_D × U₁₀²

Where: ρ_air = air density, C_D = drag coefficient, U₁₀ = wind speed at 10m

Upwelling Velocity

w = (1/ρ) × (∂τ/∂x) / f

Where: w = vertical velocity, ∂τ/∂x = alongshore wind stress gradient

Coriolis Parameter

f = 2Ω sin(φ)

Where: Ω = Earth's rotation rate (7.27 × 10⁻⁵ rad/s), φ = latitude

Plume Intensity Index

PII = (ΔT × A × w) / (t_mix)

Where: ΔT = temperature difference, A = plume area, w = upwelling velocity, t_mix = mixing time

⚙️ Key Parameters

🌊 Physical Parameters

Water Density (ρ) 1025 kg/m³

Air Density (ρ_air) 1.225 kg/m³

Drag Coefficient (C_D) 0.0013

Earth's Rotation (Ω) 7.27×10⁻⁵ rad/s

🌍 Environmental

Latitude (φ) Variable

Wind Speed (U₁₀) m/s

Temperature Diff (ΔT) °C

Mixed Layer Depth m

⏱️ Temporal

Upwelling Duration hours/days

Relaxation Period hours/days

Mixing Time (t_mix) hours

Wind Event Frequency events/month

🧮 Upwelling Calculator

Input Parameters

Wind Speed (m/s)

Latitude (degrees)

Temperature Difference (°C)

Plume Area (km²)

Mixing Time (hours)

Calculated Results

Coriolis Parameter (f)

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Wind Stress (N/m²)

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Ekman Transport (m²/s)

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Upwelling Velocity (m/day)

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Plume Intensity Index

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📈 Wind Event Analysis

Wind Pattern Simulator

Simulation Type

Cold Front Fluctuation Analysis

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Front Intensity

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Plume Strength

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Event Duration (hrs)